Integrated Powertrain Solution for L6e - L7e Homologation Category

L6e-L7e Homologation Categories

Light and Heavy Quadricycle

Light and heavy quadricyles are well defined vehicles categories in terms of size, weight and powertrain performances.

For electric powertrains the regulations are quite advantageous since they do not consider the weight of the batteries and the maximum power of the electric drive.

L6e-B "light quadri-mobiles" (same for passenger and utility) criteria:

Max vehicle speed	≤ 45 km/h
Mass in running order	≤ 425 kg (battery excl.)
Continuous rated power	≤ 6 kW
Seats	≤ 2
Size	≤ 3000 x 1500 x 2500 mm
Driving age	≥ 14 years
Payload	No limits on payload

Passenger and Goods Transport

Heavy quadricycles in particular are roughly the equivalent of Japonese "key cars“ with tight limitations by law:

L7e-CP "heavy quadri-mobiles for passenger transport" criteria:

Max vehicle speed	≤ 90 km/h
Mass in running order	≤ 450 kg (battery excl.)
Continuous rated power	≤ 15 kW
Seats	≤ 4
Size	≤ 3700 x 1500 x 2500 mm
Driving age	≥ 16 years

L7e-CU "heavy quadri-mobiles for utility purposes" different criteria:

Mass	≤ 600 kg (battery excl.)
Seats	≤ 2
Payload	No limits on payload

eFit96-L7 – Vehicle Performances

Typical L7e Passenger Heavy Quadricycle

The main characteristics of a typical L7e-CP "heavy quadri-mobiles for passenger transport with 2 and 4 seats“ are the “necessarily” the following:

Computed vs. Measured Coast-down Coefficient

Curb weight	550 kg (battery incl.)
Passenger	75 kg/passenger
Payload	50 kg
Total full laden weight · 2 seats	750 kg
Total full laden weight · 4 seats	900 kg
Typical tyre size	135/80 R13
Typical transmission ratio	8.7
Continuous climb	≥ 10%
"Minutes" climb	≥ 22%
Drag resistance · Cx	0.5
Drag resistance · Frontal area	2 m2

The dynamic model based on Coast-down Coefficients is a reliable description of the vehicle behaviour, in particular when experimentally validated.

Typical L7e Passenger Heavy Quadricycle

Electric Drive with eFit96-L7 Electric Drive solution for L7e-CP "heavy quadri-mobiles for passenger transport with 2 and 4 seats":

L7e-CP · 2 and 4 seats

Curb weight	550 kg (battery incl.)
Passenger	75 kg/passenger
Payload	50 kg
Total full laden weight · 2 seats	750 kg
Total full laden weight · 4 seats	900 kg
Typical tyre size	135/80 R13
Typical transmission ratio	9
Continuous climb	≥ 10%
"Minutes" climb	≥ 22%
Drag resistance · Cx	0.5
Drag resistance · Frontal area	2 m2

The validated vehicle load curves combined with the powertrain characteristics show what the vehicle may be expected to achieve for continuous or boost operation under different speeds and slopes.

Two-seat passenger vehicle: torque versus speed

Two-seat passenger vehicle: force versus speed

Four-seat passenger vehicle: torque versus speed

Four-seat passenger vehicle: force versus speed

Typical L7e Utility Heavy Quadricycle

Electric Drive with eFit96-L7 Electric Drive solution for L7e-CU "heavy quadri-mobiles for utility purposes":

L7e-CU · utility purposes

Curb weight	700 kg (battery incl.)
Driver	75 kg/passenger
Payload	325 kg
Total full laden weight	1100 kg
Typical tyre size	135/80 R13
Typical transmission ratio	9
Continuous climb	≥ 10%
"Minutes" climb	≥ 22%
Drag resistance · Cx	0.6
Drag resistance · Frontal area	3 m2

As expected, the increased weight of the fully laden utility purpose vehicle limits its performances.

eFit96-L7 – Homologation and Registration

L6e vs L7e

The EFITSYS solution for L7e quadrimobiles may also be used for L6e quadrimobiles with software limitations only on required limits to nominal net power (from 15 kW to 5 kW) and max speed (from 90 km/h to 45 km/h).

Other vehicle characteristics like weight (from 450 kg to 425 kg) and size (from 3.7 m to 3.0 m length) can be easily managed in the design phase. In the case of L7e for Passenger Transport the seats must be limited to two.

Other characteristics like initial acceleration and regenerative braking may be left the same contributing to better performance of L6e light quadricycles.

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